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The current diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly based on the typical clinical manifestations. However, 60% dopaminergic neurons have died when the typical clinical manifestations occur. Predictive neurobiomarkers may help identify those PD patients having non-motor disorders or in different stage and achieving the aim of early diagnosis. Up to date, few if any neuroimaging techniques have been described useful for non-movement disorders diagnosis in PD patients. Here, we investigated the alteration of metabolites in PD patients in different stage of PD and non-motor symptoms including sleep, gastrointestinal and cognitive dysfunction, by using the 1H-MRS. A total of 48 subjects were included between 2017 and 2019 37 PD (15 men, age 47-82 years) and 11 healthy people (8 men, age 49-74 years). All participants underwent MRI and multi-voxel H-MRS examination within 3 days in admission. Six kinds of metabolites, such as creatine (Cr), N-acetyl aspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr), N-acetyl aspartate/choletected in the late stage of PD, suggesting that these markers might be potential to imply the progression of PD. In addition, subgroups analysis showed that MRS of thalamus is a sensitive region for the detection of cognitive decline in PD, and the alteration of neurochemicals (involving Cr, Cho, mI, and LL) may be promising biomarkers to predict cognitive decline in PD. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is an advanced tool to quantify the metabolic changes in PD. Three biomarkers (Cr, NAA/Cr, and mI/Cr) were detected in the late stage of PD, suggesting that these markers might be potential to imply the progression of PD. In addition, subgroups analysis showed that MRS of thalamus is a sensitive region for the detection of cognitive decline in PD, and the alteration of neurochemicals (involving Cr, Cho, mI, and LL) may be promising biomarkers to predict cognitive decline in PD.Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a neurological syndrome characterized by impaired language due to neurodegeneration. It is subdivided into three variants semantic, agrammatic or nonfluent, and logopenic. Pieces of evidence have suggested that learning disabilities in childhood, such as dyslexia, might be susceptibility factors in the occurrence of PPA in adulthood. The objective of this study was to verify the existence of the relationship between PPA and the history of learning disabilities of patients and their children, compared to a control group of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). A questionnaire was applied to investigate the presence of indicators of learning disabilities and difficulties in individuals with PPA and AD and their children. Twenty subjects with PPA and 16 with AD participated in the study. Our findings are presented and discussed in light of the current scientific evidence and the social, educational, and economic Brazilian scenario. Despite the challenges of doing research with individuals with PPA in Brazil, we present the first evidence about the investigation of association between the history of learning disabilities and difficulties and PPA in native Brazilian Portuguese speakers.Endovascular therapy is the primary treatment modality for dural arteriovenous fistulas. Pre-treatment angiographic evaluation of dural fistulas must rule out the presence of a mixed pial component or supply from pial-dural collaterals, as the pial supply must be closed before definitive occlusion of the draining vein to prevent iatrogenic rupture. In this report, we described a case of a mixed pial-dural arterial venous malformation (AVM), which was effectively treated with a sequential transarterial and trans-cortical venous embolization. A meta-analysis. To perform a meta-analysis to explore the risk factors of perioperative hidden blood loss (HBL) in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture for Chinese patients. An extensive search of the literature was performed in the English databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library and the Chinese databases of CNKI and WAN FANG (up to July 2021). We collected factors including demographic data and surgical factors. Data analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0. Finally, we collected 7 studies including 1377 patients in the final analysis. In our study, female patients ( <.00001), hypertension ( =.008), time from injury to operation (<2days, =.02), operation time (≥60mins, =.001), fracture type (A2.2 to A3.3, <.00001), and without anticoagulation ( <.00001) were found to be associated with perioperative HBL in Chinese patients receiving the treatment of the intertrochanteric fracture. However, anesthesia, ASA classification, and body mass index were not associated with perioperative HBL. In our study, female patients, hypertension, time from injury to operation (<2days), operation time (≥60mins), fracture type (A2.2 to A3.3), and without anticoagulation were related to increased risks of perioperative HBL in Chinese patients receiving the treatment for the intertrochanteric fracture. We hope this article can guide for surgeons to reduce perioperative HBL as far as possible in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. In our study, female patients, hypertension, time from injury to operation ( less then 2 days), operation time (≥60 mins), fracture type (A2.2 to A3.3), and without anticoagulation were related to increased risks of perioperative HBL in Chinese patients receiving the treatment for the intertrochanteric fracture. We hope this article can guide for surgeons to reduce perioperative HBL as far as possible in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic inflammatory disorder of the esophagus. Today, probiotics are included as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of synbiotic on clinical symptom improvement in EoE patients. This study is designed by a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with two parallel groups, which was performed on 30 children with eosinophilic esophagitis. All participants were children aged 6 months to 15 years. Both groups received the same treatment (elimination diet, topical steroid, and proton pump inhibitor). A synbiotic (KidiLact) was added to the medication regimen of 15 patients (case), while the next 15 patients received a placebo (control). Severity and frequency of symptoms were assessed with a checklist derived from a validated scoring tool in both groups before and after 8 weeks of treatment. There was a significant reduction in the severity score of chest pain and poor appetite ( value < 0.05) in the case group taking probiotics, while nausea and poor appetite were the only symptoms with a significant reduction in the frequency score after intervention in this group. Probiotics can be used as adjuvant treatment for patients with EoE. Improvement in the severity of chest pain and poor appetite and reduction in the frequency of nausea and poor appetite in these patients can be seen. Probiotics can be used as adjuvant treatment for patients with EoE. Improvement in the severity of chest pain and poor appetite and reduction in the frequency of nausea and poor appetite in these patients can be seen.This study is aimed at optimizing the Saffron essential oil (SEO) nanoparticles using the ionic gelation method. Response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to investigate the optimum conditions and the effects of three independent variables LWCS concentration (0.1-0.3%), Arabic gum concentration (9.6-9.8%), and ratio (core wall material) (1  5, 1  7.5, 1  10) on the responses of z-average, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. The results showed that the quadratic model developed from the RSM was statistically significant (p value 0.05 at the 95% confidence level. Therefore, the application of the RSM with Box-Behnken was suitable for optimizing the saffron oil nanoparticles with desirable responses.Understanding language requires applying cognitive operations (e.g., memory retrieval, prediction, structure building)-relevant across many cognitive domains-to specialized knowledge structures (a particular language's phonology, lexicon, and syntax). Are these computations carried out by domain-general circuits or by circuits that store domain-specific representations? Recent work has characterized the roles in language comprehension of the language-selective network and the multiple demand (MD) network, which has been implicated in executive functions and linked to fluid intelligence, making it a prime candidate for implementing computations that support information processing across domains. The language network responds robustly to diverse aspects of comprehension, but the MD network shows no sensitivity to linguistic variables. We therefore argue that the MD network does not play a core role in language comprehension, and that past claims to the contrary are likely due to methodological artifacts. Although future studies may discover some aspects of language that require the MD network, evidence to date suggests that those will not be related to core linguistic processes like lexical access or composition. The finding that the circuits that store linguistic knowledge carry out computations on those representations aligns with general arguments against the separation between memory and computation in the mind and brain. Regdanvimab (CT-P59) is a monoclonal antibody with neutralizing activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report on part 1 of a 2-part randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study for patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 received a single dose of regdanvimab 40mg/kg (n 100), regdanvimab 80mg/kg (n 103), or placebo (n 104). The primary end points were time to negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swab based on quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) up to day 28 and time to clinical recovery up to day 14. Secondary end points included the proportion of patients requiring hospitalization, oxygen therapy, or mortality due to COVID-19. Median (95% CI) time to negative conversion of RT-qPCR was 12.8 (9.0-12.9) days with regdanvimab 40mg/kg, 11.9 (8.9-12.9) days with regdanvimab 80mg/kg, and 12.9 (12.7-13.9) days with placebo. Median (95% CI) time to clinical recovery was 5.3 (4.0-6.8) days with regdanvimab 40mg/kg, 6.2 (5.5-7.9) days with regdanvimab 80mg/kg, and 8.8 (6.8-11.6) days with placebo. The proportion (95% CI) of patients requiring hospitalization or oxygen therapy was lower with regdanvimab 40mg/kg (4.0% [1.6%-9.8%]) and regdanvimab 80mg/kg (4.9% [2.1%-10.9%]) vs placebo (8.7% [4.6%-15.6%]). No serious treatment-emergent adverse events or deaths occurred. Regdanvimab showed a trend toward a minor decrease in time to negative conversion of RT-qPCR results compared with placebo and reduced the need for hospitalization and oxygen therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. NCT04602000 and EudraCT 2020-003369-20. NCT04602000 and EudraCT 2020-003369-20.